Sources

What this site rests on. Each word and place on Sakbe points back to one of these.

Maya

• Aoyama, K. (2007). Elite artists and craft producers in Classic Maya society: Lithic evidence from Aguateca, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity, 18(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.2307/25063083
• Ardren, T., Hutson, S. R., Stanton, T. W., Rohrer, P., & Lowry, J. P. (2026). Sacbe 1 and Classic Maya urban culture. Latin American Antiquity, 37(1), 22–40. https://doi.org/10.1017/laq.2024.47
• Blom, G. D. (1974). Religious official, Tzotzil, Santiago [Photograph]. Gertrude Duby Blom Exhibit Photographs and Project Records (Box 7, Image RL_10084_P_068), David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States. https://archives.lib.duke.edu/catalog/blomgertrude_aspace_ref215_dyv
• Boot, E. (Comp.). (1997). Vocabulario lacandon maya-español (dialecto de Naja’) [Lacandon Maya–Spanish vocabulary (Naja’ dialect)]. Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies. https://www.famsi.org/mayawriting/dictionary/boot/lacandon-de-naja_based-on_bruce1968.pdf
• Canuto, M. A., Estrada-Belli, F., Garrison, T. G., Houston, S. D., Acuña, M. J., Kováč, M., Marken, D., Nondédéo, P., Auld-Thomas, L., Castanet, C., Chatelain, D., Chiriboga, C. R., Drápela, T., Lieskovský, T., Tokovinine, A., Velasquez, A., Fernández-Díaz, J. C., & Shrestha, R. (2018). Ancient lowland Maya complexity as revealed by airborne laser scanning of northern Guatemala. Science, 361(6409), Article eaau0137. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau0137
• Chase, D. Z., & Chase, A. F. (2017). Caracol, Belize, and changing perceptions of ancient Maya society. Journal of Archaeological Research, 25(3), 185–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-016-9101-z
• Chinchilla Mazariegos, O. (2017). Art and myth of the ancient Maya. Yale University Press.
• Cook, S. (2019). Xurt’an: The end of the world and other myths, songs, charms, and chants by the northern Lacandones of Naha’. University of Nebraska Press.
• de la Garza, M. (2017). Estudios de cultura maya. Una ventana a la investigación mayista internacional. Estudios de Cultura Maya, 50, 11-21. https://doi.org/10.19130/iifl.ecm.2017.50.917
• Duby Blom, G. (1943). Pepe Castillo, Lacandon, Monte Libano, 1943 [Photograph]. Gertrude Duby Blom Exhibit Photographs and Project Records (Box 1, Image RL_10084_P_001), David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States. https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r47p94t1f
• Duby Blom, G. (1958). K’in Garcia in dugout canoe, Lacandon, Naja, 1958 [Photograph]. Gertrude Duby Blom Exhibit Photographs and Project Records (Box 1, Image RL_10084_P_003), David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States. https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r43x8f06m
• Haviland, W. A. (1967). Stature at Tikal, Guatemala: Implications for ancient Maya demography and social organization. American Antiquity, 32(3), 316–325. https://doi.org/10.2307/2694660
• Houston, S., Román Ramírez, E., Garrison, T. G., Stuart, D., Escobedo Ayala, H., & Rosales, P. (2021). A Teotihuacan complex at the Classic Maya city of Tikal, Guatemala. Antiquity, 95(384), Article e32. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2021.140
• INAH. (n.d.). Ek Balam. Centro INAH Yucatán. https://centroyucatan.inah.gob.mx/publico/zonas.php?id_m=58
• Kearns, R. (2013, January 4). Mayan ceremonies in Guatemala celebrate the new cycle. ICT. https://ictnews.org/archive/mayan-ceremonies-in-guatemala-celebrate-the-new-cycle/
• Kennett, D. J., Hajdas, I., Culleton, B. J., Belmecheri, S., Martin, S., Neff, H., Awe, J., Graham, H. V., Freeman, K. H., Newsom, L., Lentz, D. L., Anselmetti, F. S., Robinson, M., Marwan, N., Southon, J., Hodell, D. A., & Haug, G. H. (2013). Correlating the ancient Maya and modern European calendars with high-precision AMS 14C dating. Scientific Reports, 3, Article 1597. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01597
• Knowlton, T. (2012). Ethnicity, god concepts, and the indigenization of a Guatemalan popular saint. Journal of Anthropological Research, 68(2), 223-247.
• Lentz, D. L., Dunning, N. P., Scarborough, V. L., Magee, K. S., Thompson, K. M., Weaver, E., Carr, C., Terry, R. E., Islebe, G., Tankersley, K. B., Grazioso Sierra, L., Jones, J. G., Buttles, P., Valdez, F., & Ramos Hernandez, C. E. (2014). Forests, fields, and the edge of sustainability at the ancient Maya city of Tikal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(52), 18513–18518. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1408631111
• Lentz, D. L., Hamilton, T. L., Dunning, N. P., Scarborough, V. L., Luxton, T. P., Vonderheide, A., Tepe, E. J., Perfetta, C. J., Brunemann, J., Grazioso, L., Valdez, F., Tankersley, K. B., & Weiss, A. A. (2020). Molecular genetic and geochemical assays reveal severe contamination of drinking water reservoirs at the ancient Maya city of Tikal. Scientific Reports, 10, Article 10316. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67044-z
• Library of Congress. (n.d.). Jay I. Kislak Collection. About this collection. https://www.loc.gov/collections/jay-i-kislak-collection/about-this-collection/
• MacKenzie, C. J. (2009). Judas off the noose: Sacerdotes mayas, costumbristas, and the politics of purity in the tradition of San Simón in Guatemala. The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, 14(2), 355–381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1935-4940.2009.01052.x
• McCool, W. C., Codding, B. F., Degnan, B., Ebert, C. E., Johnson, E. S., Vernon, K. B., Wilson, K. M., Beach, T., Prufer, K. M., & Kennett, D. J. (2025). Modeling the rise and demise of Classic Maya cities: Climate, conflict, and economies of scale. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(42), Article e2512325122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2512325122
• Moholy-Nagy, H. (1997). Middens, construction fill, and offerings: Evidence for the organization of Classic period craft production at Tikal, Guatemala. Journal of Field Archaeology, 24(3), 293–313. https://doi.org/10.2307/530686
• Moholy-Nagy, H. (1999). Mexican obsidian at Tikal, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity, 10(3), 300–313. https://doi.org/10.2307/972032
• Moholy-Nagy, H. (2003). The hiatus at Tikal, Guatemala. Ancient Mesoamerica, 14(1), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956536103141065
• Palka, J. W. (2015). Lacandón Maya culture change and survival in the lowland frontier of the expanding Guatemalan and Mexican republics. In J. G. Cusick (Ed.), Studies in culture contact: Interaction, culture change, and archaeology (pp. 457-475). Southern Illinois University Press. (Original work published 1998)
• Palka, J. W., Balsanelli, A., & Lozada, J. (2026). Houses of other persons: Ruins in Lacandon Maya ritual landscapes. Latin American Antiquity. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1017/laq.2026.10205
• Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. (n.d.). About the Maya Corpus. https://peabody.harvard.edu/about-corpus-maya-hieroglyphic-inscriptions
• Picas, M. (2023). De sitios arqueológicos a sitios sagrados: La visibilización de la espiritualidad maya y el proceso de resignificación patrimonial en el municipio de Tecpán, Guatemala. Revista Española de Antropología Americana, 53(1), 127-146. https://doi.org/10.5209/reaa.78688
• Pédron Colombani, S. (2016). The journey of San Simón from Guatemala to the United States: Processes of reappropriation of a popular saint of Guatemala. In R. de la Torre, C. Gutiérrez Zúñiga, & N. Juárez Huet (Eds.), New Age in Latin America: Popular variations and ethnic appropriations (pp. 197–216). Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004316485_013
• Pédron-Colombani, S. (2010). Le culte de Maximón: Entre monde maya et migrations internationales. Autrepart, (56), 75-92.
• Román Ramírez, E., Paiz Aragón, L., Bass, A., Garrison, T. G., Houston, S., Hurst, H., Stuart, D., Corado Ochoa, A., García Leal, C., Scherer, A., & Piedrasanta Castellanos, R. E. (2025). A Teotihuacan altar at Tikal, Guatemala: Central Mexican ritual and elite interaction in the Maya Lowlands. Antiquity, 99(404), 462–480. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2025.3
• Schele, L., & Freidel, D. (1990). A forest of kings: The untold story of the ancient Maya. William Morrow.
• Sharpe, A. E., Emery, K. F., Inomata, T., Triadan, D., Kamenov, G. D., & Krigbaum, J. (2018). Earliest isotopic evidence in the Maya region for animal management and long-distance trade at the site of Ceibal, Guatemala. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(14), 3605-3610. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713880115
• Stuart, D. (2006). The inscribed markers of the Coba-Yaxuna causeway and the glyph for sakbih. Mesoweb. https://www.mesoweb.com/stuart/notes/Sacbe.pdf
• Stuart, D. (2026). The four heavens: A new history of the ancient Maya. Princeton University Press.
• Tankersley, K. B., Dunning, N. P., Carr, C., Lentz, D. L., & Scarborough, V. L. (2020). Zeolite water purification at Tikal, an ancient Maya city in Guatemala. Scientific Reports, 10, Article 18021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75023-7
• Tsukamoto, K., Esparza Olguín, O. Q., Salazar Lama, D., Campaña Valenzuela, L. E., Velázquez Morlet, A., & López Camacho, J. (2026). The emergence of kingship and early Long Counts in the Maya kingdom of El Palmar, Campeche, Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956536126100984
• Webster, D. (2018). The population of Tikal: Implications for Maya demography (Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 49). Archaeopress.
• Webster, D., Gonlin, N., & Sheets, P. (1997). Copan and Cerén: Two perspectives on ancient Mesoamerican households. Ancient Mesoamerica, 8(1), 43-61. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956536100001565
• Woodfill, B. K. S., & Andrieu, C. (2012). Tikal's Early Classic domination of the great western trade route: Ceramic, lithic, and iconographic evidence. Ancient Mesoamerica, 23(2), 189–209. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956536112000156
• Wright, L. E. (2012). Immigration to Tikal, Guatemala: Evidence from stable strontium and oxygen isotopes. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 31(3), 334–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2012.02.001
• Wright, L. E., & Vásquez, M. A. (2017). Stature at Tikal revisited. In H. D. Klaus, A. R. Harvey, & M. N. Cohen (Eds.), Bones of complexity: Bioarchaeological case studies of social organization and skeletal biology (pp. 52–81). University Press of Florida.

Teotihuacan

• Somerville, A. D., Sugiyama, N., Manzanilla, L. R., & Schoeninger, M. J. (2016). Animal management at the ancient metropolis of Teotihuacan, Mexico: Stable isotope analysis of leporid (cottontail and jackrabbit) bone mineral. PLOS ONE, 11(8), Article e0159982. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159982

Mesoamerica and general

• Fagan, B. M., & Durrani, N. (2016). Archaeology: A brief introduction (12th ed.). Routledge.
• Middleton, G. D. (2025). Collapse studies in archaeology from 2012 to 2023. Journal of Archaeological Research, 33(1), 57–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-024-09196-4
• Piperno, D. R., Ranere, A. J., Holst, I., Iriarte, J., & Dickau, R. (2009). Starch grain and phytolith evidence for early ninth millennium B.P. maize from the Central Balsas River Valley, Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(13), 5019–5024. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812525106
• Ranere, A. J., Piperno, D. R., Holst, I., Dickau, R., & Iriarte, J. (2009). The cultural and chronological context of early Holocene maize and squash domestication in the Central Balsas River Valley, Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(13), 5014–5018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812590106

People and archives of Maya studies

• Bürgi, M. (2011, June 16). Gertrude Duby-Blom. In Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz [Historical dictionary of Switzerland]. https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/022738
• Hernández Rochín, B. (2020). Asociación Cultural Na Bolom. Diagnóstico de colecciones fotográficas. Adabi de México. https://file.adabi.org.mx/recursos/publicaciones/diagnosticos/conservacion/20201118_asociacion_cultural_na_bolom.pdf